Alcoholics Anonymous An International Mutual Aid Fellowship

Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. AA states that its primary purpose is to help alcoholics to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety. With other early members Bill Wilson and Bob Smith developed AA s Twelve Step program of spiritual and character development. AA s initial Twelve Traditions were introduced in 1946 to help the fellowship be stable and unified while disengaged from outside issues and influences. The Traditions recommend that members and groups remain anonymous in public media, altruistically helping other alcoholics and avoiding affiliations with any other organization. Subsequent fellowships such as Narcotics Anonymous have adopted and adapted the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions to their respective primary purposes. The 2006 Cochrane Review of eight studies measuring the effectiveness of AA found no significant difference between the results of AA and twelve-step participation compared to other treatments, stating that experimental studies have on the whole failed to demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing alcohol dependence or drinking problems when compared to other interventions. and the first non-Protestant member, a Roman Catholic, joined in 1939. AA membership has since spread across diverse cultures holding different beliefs and values, including geopolitical areas resistant to grassroots movements. In the Fourth Edition ofShow MoreRelatedTeen Alcohol Problems Of Teens814 Words   |  4 Pagesplace that is for people that need help to stop drinking alcohol and provide food,bed and people that is going to help you. Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. AA states that its primary purpose is to help alcoholics to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety.that is made for men and women who have had a drinking problem. It is nonprofessional, self-supporting, multiracialRead MorePrinciples of Psychopathology: Diagnosis and Treatment4567 Words   |  19 Pagesmental health issues; the argument is what disorders need to be discussed and how to organize the information. Before the advent of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) the most widely used manual in America was the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (APA, 2000, p. xxiv, xxv). History progressed from the 1800’s with name changes from other organizations until the American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics developed their own versionRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China 42289 Words   |  170 PagesInternational Hemp Association Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation in the Tai an District of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China Robert C. Clarke Naturetex International B.V. Van Diemenstraat 192 1013 CP Amsterdam The Netherlands Clarke, R.C. 1995. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation in the Tai an District of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association 2(2): 57, 60-65. This paper summarizes the history of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivationRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesIntroduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectations Social responsibility Culture Competitive strategy Strategic options: directions Corporate-level strategy International strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Strategic options: methods Strategy evaluation Strategic management process Organising Resourcing Managing change Strategic leadership Strategy in practice Public sector/not-for-proï ¬ t management Small businessRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages1987, had a new coauthor, Barbara B. Moran. This edition brought additional insight, expertise, and depth to the discussions. With the fourth edition, published in 1993, the two authors expanded the coverage to include themes of importance for an international audience. Over that 15-year period, the previous editions had been translated into several languages—some without prior knowledge of the authors and publisher. That edition also changed its title to Library and Information Center Management to

Americas Economic Development during the Colonial Period Free Essays

During the 17th and 18th centuries, European nations were heavily influenced by the economic system of mercantilism—a system which aims at maximizing the wealth of a nation (Scott, 2001). Europeans came to the Americas to increase their wealth, expand their influence, gain more power, and build an empire. To acquire wealth for their motherland, Europeans had to have colonies. We will write a custom essay sample on Americas Economic Development during the Colonial Period or any similar topic only for you Order Now The colonists regulated the economic activities of their colonies and then accumulated wealth for the European powers (Score, 2006). From 1607 to 1732, the Europeans colonized thirteen countries, grouped as follows: (1) New England Colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut)—more on shipbuilding and fur trading; (2) Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware)—more cosmopolitan and trading raw materials for manufactured items; and (3) Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia)—predominantly rural economy (Conte Karr, 2001). The discovery of these countries resulted in a movement of European populations into the colonies. This demographic change facilitated the economic progress of the colonies. Their citizens of different origins developed a synergy to live together in harmony; utilized their crafts; and created towns with shops, markets, town halls (Think Quest). As the colonies became prosperous, the English realized that the colonies could expand their trade and further prosper. In 1650s and 1660s, England instituted a set of Navigation Acts to limit colonial trade solely to British—and colonies’ exports to and imports from other countries had to be shipped through Great Britain, thereby increasing the latter’s import duty collections, and incomes for re-exportation of goods (Scott, 2001). These trade restrictions somehow benefited the colonies, e. g. , New England’s ship building industry benefited from foreign competition protection, South Carolina gained from an indigo subsidy, North Carolina profited from bounties on tar and lumber, and various other exporters benefited from zero import tariffs (Scott, 2001). The Navigation Acts were strictly enforced in 1763, which heightened the interest of the colonies to gain their independence from Britain (Scott, 2001). References Conte, Christopher, and Albert R. Karr. (2001). Chapter 3 – The U. S. Economy: A Brief History. An Outline of the U. S. Economy. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from U. S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Information Programs Web site: http://usinfo. state. gov/products/pubs/oecon/chap3. htm. Score. (2006). A Study of the colonial economy from 1600-1750. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Schools of California Online Resources for Education (Score) Web site: http://score. rims. k12. ca. us/score_lessons/. Scott, Carole E. (2001). Mercantilism and the American Revolution. In American Economic History. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Ancestry. com Web site: http://freepages. history. rootsweb. ancestry. com/~cescott/mercan. html. Think Quest. (n. d. ). The Colonial Period. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Oracle Education Foundation Web site: http://library. thinkquest. org/C007803/colonia_period. htm. How to cite Americas Economic Development during the Colonial Period, Papers

Man And Nature Paper Essays - Religion, Nature,

Man and Nature Paper "Interactions of Nature" When thinking about nature and all of my surroundings, I believe that they are, in a sense, like a painting. When you admire it from afar, it is very aesthetically pleasing. You take notice of its basic outlines, its basic colors, and its basic idea. But it is not until you begin to approach a painting that you are able to fully understand and enjoy its real beauty. The different textures, the blending of colors, and the artist's intricate details and personal touch. And so it is with nature. God did not create the world as something to be admired from afar, but rather he wanted us to interact with it, to get 'face to face' with our surroundings. It is only then, after we become 'one with nature' and examine its intricate workings, that we can really enjoy and appreciate its true beauty, as God intended. That is why he gave us our five senses...to hear the sounds of grasshoppers and the buzz of a fly; to taste the sweet fruit produced by the apple tree and the sourness of a lemon; to touch the furry caterpillar and needles on a cactus; to smell the pleasant rose and the foul skunk; and finally to see the multi-colored sunset and the glow of a brightly-burning fire. It is only when we decide to stop taking advantage of nature and start to appreciate it, that God allows us to begin to understand its amazing interactions and his personal touch. Take for example, the different plants and flowers that grow around us. Many people look at a flower and dismiss it as something that is planted, grows, and dies. In a sense, all of this is true, but there is so much more to enjoy in a plant than that. There is the miraculous growth of a plant from the tiniest of seeds, then the amazing process of photosynthesis and then the range and diversity of the color and size and shape of growing plants. In the video I was amazed to see the different reasons why plants grow where they do and look as they do and act the way they do, but more importantly, interact with nature and other living organisms as they do. It is just as John Muir said, "When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe." In a Monet painting you see the brush strokes, each one different; some big and some small. You notice the range of colors and the way they catch the light. And you appreciate the fact that, only when you begin to step back, do those contrasting colors and differing brush strokes begin to interact with each other and the whole picture is given depth and meaning. God 'the painter', has created a work of art, even saying in Genesis that "It was good" and it is not until we examine its details and its interactions that we can fully appreciate the masterpiece that he has created.

Discuss the circumstances under which Satyams fra Essays

Discuss the circumstances under which Satyam's fra Essays Discuss the circumstances under which Satyam's fraud was exposed. 1, the failure of the acquisition of Maytas Infra and Maytas Properties which are promoted by two sons of satyam's chairman, Ramalinga Raju.These two companies are considered as business companies where they held more than 35%portion stake (significant realted party transcation involved in the acquisition) 2,the investors strongly against this acquisition , share price fell off by 30% Media and investors started raising doubts over the corporate governance practices at Satyam - considering a share buyback 3,World Bank suspended Satyam for eight years from doing any business with itself (offering brides to obtain lucrative contracts) 4,an independent director resigned (not opposing to the acquisition) 5, Infrastucture Leasing and Financial Services Trust sold 4.41 million shares which results in the decrease in the raju and his family stake in Satyam 6, market capitalization eroded by 40 % 7,former senior executive in Satyam sent out an anonymous email to board members and then forward ( include details about financial irregularities and fraud at Satyam. What do you think were the reasons for the fraud? Could this fraud have been prevented? 1, Low profit margin (3%) and increasing competitionoverstate profits to maintain the share price level which can make sure Satyam was not subjected to a hostile takeover. 2, raju could first think that a minor adjustment could be in the general interest of everyone concerned (cover up bad performance and become unmanagemeable with company expands) 3,Experts refuse to believe that the operating profit of Satyam could be as low as 3%. This leads to speculation that some of the money could have been siphoned off. 2. Critically evaluate the corporate governance mechanisms adopted at Satyam. Did they help to prevent fraud? First - internal audit (team headed by CFO ( financial gap in actual and stated profits was known to senior officials including the chief operating officer and the CFO Second- external audit (Pwc) - higher audit fee twice as peers exists bride to hide accounting irregulations( improper verification of cash and bank balances) Third the board has the audit committee headed by an independent board member 3. What lessons are learned from the Satyam case? 1. Investigate All Inaccuracies The fraud scheme at Satyam started small. Sound familiar? A lot of fraud schemes start out small, with the perpetrator thinking that small changes here and there won't make a big difference - and are less likely to be detected. This sends a message to a lot of companies: if your accounts aren't balancing or if something seems inaccurate, even just a tiny bit, it's worth investigating. Break down tasks so that there are checks in each area. Dividing responsibilities across a team of people makes it easier to detect irregularities or misappropriated funds. 2. Ruined Reputations Fraud doesn't just look bad on a company, it looks bad on the whole industry. According to a Reuters article, Accounting Scandal at Satyam Could be India's Enron : "India's biggest corporate scandal in memory threatens future foreign investment flows into Asia's third-largest economy and casts a cloud over growth in its once-booming outsourcing sector. The news sent Indian equity markets into a tailspin, with Bombay's main benchmark index tumbling 7.3% and the Indian rupee fell." The Satyam scandal subjected even the company's Indian rivals to greater scrutiny by regulators, investors and the public. 3. Corporate Governance Needs to be Stronger The Satyam case is just another example supporting the need for stronger corporate governance. Companies mustbe carefulwhen selecting executives and top level managers. These are the people who set the tone for the company - if there's corruption at the top, it's bound to trickle down. Separate the role of CEO and Chairman of the Board. When the same person takes on both roles, who's left to check up on the CEO? Splitting up the roles helps avoid situations like the one at Satyam. Auditing firms, likePricewaterhouse Coopersalso need to be brought under the regulatory umbrella. Without monitoring, it will be difficult to tell if the auditor and the company are working together to tamper with the accounts.

A Funny Selection of Philosophy Jokes

A Funny Selection of Philosophy Jokes There are plenty of hilarious philosophy jokes out there, some of which could easily be incorporated into teaching materials for both children and adults. From three books on the topic by Tom Cathcart and Dan Klein to the back pages of the internet, philosophy has borne the brunt of many a joke through the ages, offering both truth and humor to a rather grim observation of the human condition. The history of philosophy  is, in fact, riddled with humor. Cathcart and Klein Since 2007, the dynamic philosophy comedic duo of Tom Cathcart and Dan Klein have used humor to observe some basic truths around human psychology and ancient and modern philosophies. They famously taught the work you may even begin to understand philosophy through jokes, penning three books on the topic. Largely their structures hinged on telling a joke then explaining its relevance to the broader science. Their first book, Plato and Platypus Walk Into A Bar: Understanding Philosophy Through Jokes premiered in 2007 and was a major commercial hit, breaking down jokes according to philosophical branches or broad topics such as relativity. In it, it picks apart such jokes as what is the sound of one hand clapping, as they compare to Platos observations on topics like religion, logic, and reasoning. Aristotle and an Aardvark Go To Washington was their second book, published in 2008 and utilized politicians most awkward talk to take up philosophical issues. Their third book Heidegger and a Hippo Walk Through Those Pearly Gates: Using Philosophy (and Jokes!) to Explore Life, Death, the Afterlife, and Everything in Between (2009) is devoted to a single philosophical topic: immortality. Some of Historys Greatest Jokes Some notable and unsourceable jokes date all the way back to Platos time, in fact, The First Law of Philosophy is that for every philosopher, there exists an equal and opposite philosopher and the Second Law of Philosophy states that theyre both wrong. A common joke overheard  in 18th-century England was told as Did you hear that George Berkeley died? His girlfriend stopped seeing him! And more recently, you may have seen this gem plastered on bathroom stalls: God is dead - Nietzsche; Nietzsche is dead: God. Nothing is safe in the realm of philosophy jokes, especially not religion. Have you heard this one? What did the Buddhist say to the hot-dog vendor? Make me one with everything; What did the vendor then say to the Buddhist when he asked for change? Change comes from within! Ethics also hasnt avoided ridicule, as is the case with this famous joke. In it, a thoroughly secular young attorney and a philosopher were engaged in a fierce theological debate. Heaven and hell, you will agree, may very well be separated by a wall, contended the lawyer. Should it happen that this wall would fall down, who would you say must rebuild it? He posits that the righteous would insist that the wicked do it and the latter would likely refuse. He continues, If this case came before a judge, which do you believe would emerge the winner? The philosopher replied, It seems to me that any fair-minded judge would render a verdict against the wicked since the likelihood is that the wall should crumble from the fires of hell rather than from the bliss of Paradise, but on the other hand, I fully realize that hell surely contains a full quota of glib-tongued lawyers, and I should therefore not be surprised if they won the case.

Marijuana company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marijuana company - Essay Example One of the segmentation variables is the physicians. I choose this segment because physicians have a high knowledge of medical marijuana strain differences, the methods of consumptions, medical uses and the effects and have obviously prescribed medical marijuana to a patient. The second variable is the low income medical marijuana patients both males and females. I chose this variable because this group desire low prices that the company will offer and their expectations for the quality of marijuana are low. The frequency of their treatment is lso high and thus they make bulk purchases. The third variable is the average or above average income medical marijuana patients. These patients expect average to high prices,customer service, quality of marijuana, and strain differences. In addition, they have a high concern for non toxic chemical additives and treatments and the frequency of treatment is also high (Alisha, 2010). On treatment of cancer, medical marijuana is useful in increasing appetite and in reducing nausea related to chemotherapy. Medical marijuana is also good for individuals with epilepsy since it has a psychoactive chemical that inhibits the brain processes known to cause seizures. In addition, smoking marijuana tends to lower pressure in the eye; thus, relieving glaucoma discomfort for at least three hours. Patients suffering from HIV/Aids can use medical marijuana to battle with the effects of the disease. Patients who use medical marijuana gain weight despite their conditions. From trials carried out it is evident that medical marijuana contributes to a decrease in muscle stiffness and symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Constantly, marijuana has been used to reduce acute inflammation in patients (Alisha, 2010). Medical marijuana market is worth 1.3 million dollars with almost half a million-population target. The patients are supposed to buy medical marijuana from approved suppliers, which is

Interpersonal Negotiation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Negotiation - Case Study Example We would appreciate if you allow us to build a road, and we will make sure that you wetlands see the least disturbance. 2. Concerns can be best addressed through the transformative approach only. This approach considers the problem as an opportunity for moral growth and empowerment of all parties involved rather than looking for a solution only. Thus, all parties feel that they are an important part of decision-making process and reach a solution that is acceptable to all involved. This enhances the relationships because the solution reached maximizes the collective gain. 3. To save the relationship from destroying, the three groups should move with the collaborative and transformative approach. A win/lose negotiation will destroy the relationships although a solution is reached much sooner. But it is important for the groups to sit down and discuss the matter with each other rather than letting one party lead the others and making one lose and the other win. It should be a win/win situation for all. 4. If I was a negotiator for the first group, I would go to the second group myself rather than calling them to my office, and would make them understand why the road construction was crucial. I would not impose upon them my plans and order them to move. I would compensate them their loss of scenic beauty through financial support and would make them understand the complexity of the